Ancient+Rome

1. The Etruscans greatly influenced the city of Rome. They built temples, shops, roads, and homes and influenced other aspects of Roman culture as well. The city of Rome was founded by twin brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.E.
 * Activity Three **
 * part 1 **

2. Both Patricians and Plebians could vote. Both had the right to make legal contracts, and marry, but intermarriage between the classes was not allowed. Patricians were the only ones allowed to hold office. In the later years of the Republic the Plebians became more powerful. They created a new assembly (Council of Plebs) in 471. New leaders called Tribunes protected the Plebians. A new law allowed intermarriage.In 278 B.C.E. the Council received the right to pass laws for all Romans.

3.Hanibal (a Carthaginian) began the second Punic War when he retaliated against Roman attempts to get Spain to invade Carthage. The Carthaginians, under Hannibal were not successful in maintaining control over Roman cities. Rome invade Carthage and beat Hannibal and his men. A peace treaty was signed in 201 B.C.E. Carthage lost Spain. 50 years later Rome went to war again and this time Rome destroyed the Carthage in 146 B.C.E. and claimed it as a Roman province called Africa.

4. In 47 B.C.E. he seized power in Rome and was made dictator. A short time later, in 44 B.C.E. he was given the title dictator for life. He made land reforms and gave land to the poor. He gave people in the provinces who had helped him, the status of Roman citizen. He began a number of public work projects and military campaigns in the east, increased the Senate to 900 members and then packed it with supporters of his reforms.

5. The family included all household members who lived together.Father of the family ruled the household. Women had considerable power in their own families and many ran businesses and managed estates. Ancestor worship was extremely important to the family.

1. ** Roman Republic ** 509 BCE-30 BCE ** Roman Empire ** 30 BCE-476 CE
 * part 2**

2. Being “first among equals” gave the illusion that an emperor was the most prestigious and important member of the Roman Senate, but that each senator was simultaneously equally important

3. Attempted to reform public morals by promoting family life (largely unsuccessful). Began the practice of declaring emperors gods, and of picking their own successors. (He called Haley’s Comet the spirit of Caesar.) Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure (e.g., roads). Encouraged the growth of business. Established fire and police departments for Rome. Established a strong money system. Extended citizenship to more and more provincials. Said he “found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.” Jesus, the founder of Christianity, was born in the Roman province of Judea during the reign of Augustus.

4.Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean region and beyond – Complete control = almost no warfare – This peace lasted nearly 200 years. More and more provincials were granted official Roman citizenship ====5.Caligula and Nero represent problems of heredity succesion because the people don't get to pick who the next leader is because it is just passed on down the family. You never really know what you are going to get. The person could possibly be stupid====

====1) Emperor Diocletian divided the Empire in two. He believed that dividing the empire for administrative purposes would strengthen the empire. 2) Constantine converted to Christianity on his deathbed and then Christianity finally gained acceptance with the Edict of Milan from help with Constantine’s conversion. 3) He managed to reunite the Eastern and Western empires for a certain amount of time. He rewrote the Roman law. 4) The Western Roman Empire ended officially in 476 CE when the last emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by a barbarian and the Eastern Empire lasted until 1453 when the empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. 5) The Western Roman Empire fell because: 1)Economic- fewer members of the lower classes could afford to buy goods (no purchasing power), manufacturing and trade declined. 2)Military- Barbarian troops were not ultimately loyal to Rome and could not be counted on to fight their fellow barbarians. 3)Political- Patriotism was declined. Democracy didn’t exist in reality and citizens lost their voting rights. 4)Social- Population was declined and so was intellectual cuture. 6) Avast empire, Christianity, Architecture, Literature, and Roman law. ====